ARCHERY

 ARCHERY

ARCHERY ACCORDING TO EXPERTS

• Archery is a static sport with a stable sequence of movements throughout the shot [1]. 
• The sport of archery is normally closed-skilled. It's a "closed skill" sport where players repeat an automated movement as precisely as they can [2]
• A good method, tactic, certain physical conditions, and psychological circumstances—such as motivation, confidence, anxiety control, self-control, tenacity to withstand pressure, and concentration—are necessary for having high accuracy [3]
• Each competitor in an archery match puts up their best effort to hit the target, which is symbolized by colors (yellow for points 10 and 9, red for points 8 and 7, and blue for points 6 and below, three times). As a result, the judge tallies the points each archer receives to determine the winner [4].
• Archery is a type of sport that focuses on precision because the main goal is to shoot a bow at the surface of the arrow, Victory in this sport is determined by calculating the score points correctly by using a bow and arrow to hit the target at a certain distance [5]
• The idea that an archery athlete's ability to shoot a target determines victory in competition is supported by other theories [6]. 
• The goal of the accuracy sport of archery is to hit the yellow area with the highest target with the bow in order to receive the best score possible. This takes attention, concentration, and poise [7] 
• The secret to success in the gross and fine motor sport of archery is the capacity to hit targets repeatedly with extreme accuracy and precision [8].

OVERVIEW OF ARCHERY

⏩The creation of the FITA Recurve round archery sport dates back a very long way. The goal of archery in Japan is spiritual training [9]. 😊People may only speculate that archery has been practiced by humans for thousands of years because it is yet unknown whence humans first learned to use it [10]. that shooting arrows along a specific trajectory and at a specific distance at a target is what distinguishes archery sports. 

⏩Archery is an Olympic sport where athletes have to aim their arrows at the target with great accuracy. In this process, static brush-control of the posture and upper extremities is required while resisting significant forces from the rope and bow. 😌Several aspects of movement related to accuracy were studied in previous shooting studies. These include wrist muscle activity patterns, releasing arrows from the heart cycle in the ST phase, duration of some key actions and phases, specific skills related to the specificity of target distance, and posture control [11]. People can exercise their strength, endurance, focus, hand-eye coordination, balance, hand and finger flexibility, patience, and confidence while studying the book on basic archery methods [12].

⏩The 2010 FITA Constitutional and rules are essentially referenced by the provisions and rules that apply to the FITA Recurve round [13]. 😍The international organization that oversees the sport of shooters used to be called FITA (Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc). Although FITA rebranded itself as the World Archery Federation in 2011, the abbreviation "FITA" is still frequently used to denote a shooting technique known as target shooters or field combat that entails firing at targets positioned at various distances and angles.

ARCHERY NUMBERS

The numbers he competed in include the following:

• There are four different ways to conduct FITA Recurve rounds: single, double, Olympic, and team versions.
• A single FITA Recurve round comprises of 36 arrows shot at the following sequential distances: 90 m, 70 m, 50 m, 30 m for men, and 70 m, 60 m, 50 m, 30 m for women.
• A double FITA Rescurve round, which consists of two 70-meter race sessions.
• The standard FITA target of 122 cm is used in the FITA Recurve round for long distances (90, 70, and 60 meters), and the standard FITA size of 80 cm is used for short distances (950 meters) under the following restrictions:
• 122 cm in diameter for the face size. 
• 80 cm in diameter for the face size.
• Center size of 80 cm [14]

Picture 1 Outdoor Target Face

Archery apparatus numerous pieces of equipment are mentioned in the book Basic Techniques of Archery sports, including:

1. Bow consisting of limbs and risers
2. Arrow consisting of arrow point, shaft, feather/fletching and nock.
3. Arm guard.
4. Finger tab
5. Fiser/sighter/bow sight.
6. Stabilator
7. Side quiver
8. Binoculars

For beginner archers, the tools that must be owned at least are [15]:

1. Bow
2. Arrow
3. Arm guard
4. Towing hand guard
5. Aiming tool.

ARCHERY TECHNIQUES

👀Archery is influenced by several factors in the form of physical, technical, and mental [16]. The sense of movement (feeling/sense of kinesthetics), arm strength (endurance strength), pull length, focus, and emotional equilibrium are some of these crucial components.

👀The activity of shooting this sport has been broken down into multiple steps by different specialists, which are posture, arming, and sighting [17]. However, other literacy breaks it down into six distinct phases: aim, release, follow through, full draw, drawing, and bow hold. 

👀As was already mentioned, achieving excellent archery successes is considerably aided by learning the proper and appropriate approaches. By abiding by the relevant rules of motion mechanics, the meaning is an archery attitude (shooting form) that is examined from the mechanics of motion. In Ukraine, archery is being studied when it's hot and muggy outside [18]. 

👀Good movement control is necessary for archery, and postural stability is thought to be a key component of excellent performance [19]. The study discovered that the most active muscles, the legs' ability to balance their weight, the angle of the tensile line, and the shot concentration's release time all had an impact on the outcomes [16].

👀The proper and accurate archery technique will enable consistent motions, and if practiced consistently, will result in excellent accomplishments. This was also stated by Mc Kinney as follows:

” In archery everything is so simple. There is no complicated motion's is not very difficult for you to act te same all the time. You will be able to shoot 1440 if you repeat 144 times, this same motion exactly” [20]

👀The focus of archery is on hitting the target with accuracy. The term precise, which meaning to be precisely on target or aim, is the root of the word precision. The target face for the FITA Recurve round archery is 122 cm in diameter. a precise and proper method of archery that is intimately linked to movement mechanics and anatomy [22]. There are two axes of motion, specifically in relation to the mechanics of motion involved in archery. The explanation of the axis of motion in archery techniques is as follows:

• Axis I is the shoulder stance and the bow arm posture (bow hand) in a straight line, see the picture below: 

Figure 2. Axis I with Straight Body Axis at Pre-draw

• Axis II is the position of the arrow and the draw hand in a straight line, see the image below:

Figure 3. Axis II at Full Pull Seen from Above

👀Technical repetition in archery will result in Archery techniques can be broadly categorized into 12 steps, which are as follows:

1. Stance
2. Nocking 
3. Hooking and Gripping 
4. Mindset 
5. Set-up 
6. Drawing
7. Anchoring 
8. Loading/transfer to holding 
9. Aiming & Expansion 
10. Release 
11. Follow-through 
12. Feedback  

👀The twelve sequences of techniques above can be summed up in 3 stages of sequence, namely:

1. Phase I consists of  dari stence, nocking, hooking and gripping prepare the pulling finger and grip position, and (mindset) concentration towards the target.
2. Phase II consists of (set-up) full pull, (drawing) full pull, (anchoring) anchoring the pulling arm, (Loading/transfer to holding) transfer of pulling force.
3. Phase III consists of Aiming & Expansion, Release, Follow-through, Feedback
4. Further explanation of archery techniques is in the following section:

• Attitude / way of standing (Stand)

The ideal posture/standing position in this case is an open position, or "open stand," where the left leg is positioned 30 to 40 degrees apart and the weight is distributed 40 to 30 percent on the front foot and 60 to 70 percent on the heel. Some factors to take into account are:

1. Shoulder-width gap between the legs 
2. Both knees need to loosen up 

For more details, pay attention to the following image:

Figure 2. 8 Standing Positions (Square and Open Stance)

• Nocking (attaching arrows) 

The act of nocking involves putting the arrow's axle (shalf) on the arrow (arrow rest) and inserting the arrow's tail into the arrow's location (nocking point) on the rope. Considerations to make are:

1. Index feathers away from the side of the arc window
2. The arrow's tail was completely on the rope. It should be noted that the nock point really fits the nock. Nock points that are too large or loose will resulting in the disruption of the flight of the arrows.

 

Figure 2. 9 Attaching the Arrow to the String

• Hooking

In archery, "hooking" refers to the way the archer holds and positions their fingers on the bowstring. Proper hook technique is essential for accuracy, consistency, and safety. There are two main methods of hooking bowstrings: the "three fingers below" hook and the "split finger" hook.

Figure 2. 10 Hooking the String

• Mindset

An archer's looks are mostly determined by their mental, technical, and physical state as well as their optimistic outlook. Additionally, psychological competencies matter [23]. An archer must be comfortable and focused on their intended objective during training, and we must practice the element of concentration as much as possible. The distinction between the inexperienced autonomic nervous system and experience has been studied [24].

• Set-up 

Lifting the bow arm to shoulder level and preparing the pulling hand to pull the bowstring is known as a set-up. Some factors to take into account are:

1. The bow arm should be relaxed while the elbow of the eye-level pull arm should be ready to pull 
2. The rope was already in a state of slight pulling
3. The rope is pulled by three fingers: the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger). The index finger above the tail of the arrow and the middle finger and ring finger under the tail of the arrow
4. The rope is placed on the first knuckle
5. The pressure of the bow against the palm of the bow holding hand in the middle of the Y point, which is formed by the thumb and index finger

• Bow Archery

Figure 2. 12 Set up (pre-pull bow position)

• Drawing 

Drawing or pulling is the movement of pulling the bow string (string) in the pre-daw position (pre-pulling) then continuing to pull the bow string (string) until it touches the nose, chin, and lips. After the bow rope has been fully pulled then continue by anchoring the rope pulling hand under the chin. Some things that need to be considered are:

1. The rope must be pulled on the track straight to the chin, the position of the head must not change (still). Rope approaching the chin or head, the head vibrating forward should not approach the rope.
2. The pulling movement consists of the pre-draw phase, the primary draw and the secondary draw.
3. Use the muscles behind the shoulder to pull the bowstrings of these muscles are: M. Deltoideus posterior, M. Teres major, M. Rhomboideus Major and M. Trapezius.

Figure 2.13 Drawing (drawing the bowstring)

• Anchoring 

Anchoring is the movement of anchoring the pulling hand on the chin. Some things to note:

1. The anchoring place of the rope pulling hand must remain the same and firmly attached under the chin
2. The anchor of the rope must be hand allows the shadow of the rope to be seen on the bow (string alignment)
3. This anchoring must be such that axis II can be achieved
4. Types of anchoring include:

• Anchoring in the middle. In this type of anchoring, the rope touches the middle of the chin, lips and nose and the pulling hand pulls the motel under the chin.
• Anchoring on the side/side.in this type, the rope touches the sides of the chin, lips, and nose, and the pulling hand attaches under the chin.

• Transfer/Loading to holding

Transfer/Loading is a state of holding archery. Some moments after anchoring and before the arrows are released. At this time, the muscles of the buttress arm and the rope pulling arm must contract so that the archery attitude does not change and at the same time the archer makes a shot at the target.

Figure 2.14 Transfer/Loading to holding

• Breathing 

The archer must inhale before lifting and then pulling the bow, then when it comes to the transfer/loading procedure, the archer must release the air carefully to return the inner lungs to their pre-inhalation position.

• Aiming and expansion 

Aiming is the movement of directing or placing the point of the aiming device (fisir) on the target/target point. When shooting, there are several things that need to be considered, namely:

1. Archery attitude must be observed (see transfer/loading)
2. String alignment should be fixed (shadow of the string on the bow)
3. Don't aim for too long, in the observation results of each world and national championship, the average champion only needs 3-4 seconds from anchoring to releasing the arrow.

• Release

Release is the movement of squeezing the bow rope by relaxing the fingers pulling the rope. After the bow string is released, the arrow will be thrown forward.  A good release will lead to a smooth arrow flight. When realese clicker affects arrows [26]

Figure 2.16 Release (release arrows)

• Follow-through 

Follow-through is a follow-up motion after the release process occurs. This is important considering that the pulling arm must move in the opposite direction to the flight of the arrow during the release process.

Figure 2.17 Follow-through 

• Relaxation and feedback 

A control that is required soon after the release and follow-through process is relaxation and good bait. This is helpful for verifying whether or not errors have been made in the moves that have been made. In order to prevent the arrow from deviating in the direction of the target, the archer must recognize when a mistake has been made and refrain from making the same one again.

Figure 2.18 Relaxation and feedback 

 

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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