RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK MATA KULIAH SEPAK TAKRAW: SERVIS TAKRAW

👉SERVIS TAKRAW👈

RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK

MATA KULIAH SEPAK TAKRAW

PJKR STKIP PARIS BARANTAI

RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK MATA KULIAH SEPAK TAKRAW: SEPAK SILA

👉SEPAK SILA👈

RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK

MATA KULIAH SEPAK TAKRAW

PJKR STKIP PARIS BARANTAI

Model Evaluasi Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP)

🌺 MODEL EVALUASI CIPP🌺

👉Evaluasi didefinisikan sebagai Proses Menggambarkan, Mendapatkan, dan Menyediakan Informasi yang Bermanfaat untuk Menilai Alternatif Keputusan. Terdapat tiga poin penting sehubungan dengan definisi ini (Coffman, Jenkins, and Walker 1975):

1. Evaluasi dipahami sebagai suatu proses yang sistematis dan berkelanjutan. 
2. Proses evaluasi mencakup tiga langkah dasar: penggambaran pertanyaan yang harus dijawab dan informasi yang akan diperoleh, perolehan informasi yang relevan, dan pemberian informasi kepada pengambil keputusan sehingga mereka dapat menggunakannya untuk mengambil keputusan dan dengan demikian meningkatkan kinerja mereka. program yang sedang berjalan.
3. Evaluasi dipahami sebagai suatu proses untuk melayani pengambilan keputusan. 

👉Sebelas tujuan dari dilaksanakannya evaluasi (Russell 2013), antara lain: 

1. Mengukur pengaruh program terhadap masyarakat 
2. Menilai apakah program telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan rencana 
3. Mengukur kesesuaian program sesuai dengan standar 
4. Mengidentifikasi dan menemukan dimensi program yang berjalan dan yang tidak berjalan 
5. Pengembangan staf program
6. Memenuhi ketentuan Undang-undang
7. Akreditasi program
8. Mengukur cost effectiveness dan cost-efficiency 
9. Mengambil keputusan mengenai program 
10. Accountabilitas
11. Memberikan balikan kepada pimpinan dan staf program 

🌟Model CIPP (Context, Input, Prosess, Product) 👀

CIPP, the model’s core concepts are context, input, process, and product evaluation. Context evaluations assess needs, problems, and opportunities as bases for defining goals and priorities and judging the significance of outcomes. Input evaluations assess alternative approaches to meeting needs as a means of planning programs and allocating resources. Process evaluations assess the implementation of plans to guide activities and later to help explain outcomes. Product evaluations identify intended and unintended outcomes both to help keep the process on track and determine effectiveness (Stufflebeam 2002).

Model Evaluasi Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP)

😇Model CIPP dirancang pertama kali oleh Danial-Stufflebeam pada akhir tahun 1960-an untuk membantu mengevaluasi program, institusi, dan kurikulum di bidang pendidikan, dan kemudian model tersebut selanjutnya digunakan di berbagai bidang selain pendidikan seperti program sosial, bisnis, dan militer. (Stufflebeam, 2003). Tujuan dari model ini adalah untuk membantu penilai yang mengevaluasi program sekolah, program pengajaran, dan desain kurikulum, yang mencakup empat dimensi berbeda: context, input, process, and product (konteks, masukan, proses, dan produk), dan tujuan utamanya bukanlah “membuktikan tetapi untuk meningkatkan” (Al-Shanawani 2019)

💂Konsep model CIPP meliputi context, input, process dan product evaluasi. Context menilai kebutuhan, masalah, dan peluang yang mendefinisikan tujuan dan hasil yang prioritas dari penilaian. Input menilai pendekatan tentang perencanaan program dan mengalokasikan sumber daya yang ada. Process menilai penerapan dari perencanaan program sebagai pemandu kegiatan dan membantu mengidenfitikasi dari hasil yang ingin dicapai. Product mengidentifikasi hasil yang diharapkan dan tidak diharapkan untuk melihat proses sesuai pada jalurnya dan menentukan efektifitas program.

🌻🌻Adapun model CIPP terdiri dari empat jenis evaluasi seperti terlihat pada gambar sebagai berikut:

Model Evaluasi CIPP. Sumber: (Wirawan (2016)

📕Model CIPP (Context, Input, Prosess, Product) merupakan hasil kerja para tim peneliti, yang tergabung dalam suatu organisasi komite Phi Delta Kappa USA, yang ketika itu diketuai oleh Daniel Stuffle-Beam. CIPP yang merupakan sebuah singkatan dari huruf awal empat buah kata, yaitu:

• Context evaluation: evaluasi terhadap konteks
• Input evaluation: evaluasi terhadap masukan
• Process evaluation: evaluasi terhadap proses
• Product evaluation: evaluasi terhadap hasil

💾CIPP memberikan analisis dasar yang rasional untuk mengambil keputusan suatu program berdasarkan siklus perencanaan, penerapan dan peninjauan serta merevisi keputusan melalui aspek yang berbeda terdiri dari evaluasi konteks, masukan, proses dan hasil evaluasi (Frey 2018). 

👨Context refers to the background, History, goals and objectives of the school. Inputs refer to material and human resources needed for effective functioning of the school. Process refers to implementation of different school practices. Product refers to the quality of students learning and its usefulness for the individual and for society (Patil and Kalekar 2015).

👮Alasan banyak peneliti mengenai evaluasi menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP ini, dikarenakan CIPP memliki prosedur kerja yang mengacu pada tahapan evalusi yang baik dan sempurna untuk mengevaluasi program kegiatam  namun lebih sistematik dan sederhana sehingga mampu menghasilkan evaluasi yang lebih efektif Selain itu tahapan yang di tawarkan juga tidak terlalu rumit. mudah untuk dilakukan, sehingga tidak menyulitkan para peneliti jika menggunakan model evaluasi  ini.

🌹Referensi🌹

• Al-Shanawani, Hania M. 2019. “Evaluation of Self-Learning Curriculum for Kindergarten Using Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model.” SAGE Open 9(1). doi: 10.1177/2158244018822380.
• Coffman, D. A., M. Jenkins, and S. R. Walker. 1975. “Intranasal Betamethasone Valerate in Seasonal Rhinitis.” Practitioner 215(1289):665–68.
• Frey, Bruce B. 2018. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. Sage Publications.
• Patil, Yogesh, and Sunil Kalekar. 2015. “Cipp Model for School Evaluation.” June-July 2(10):2615–19.
• Russell, Jeffrey. 2013. “Preventing Dance Injuries: Current Perspectives.” Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 199. doi: 10.2147/oajsm.s36529.
• Stufflebeam, Daniel L. 2002. “Cipp Evaluation Model Checklist.” Evaluation (June).
• Stufflebeam, Daniel L. 2015. “CIPP Evaluation Model Checklist: A Tool for Applying the CIPP Model to Assess Projects and Programs.” Western Michigan University 1–51.
• Wirawan, H. 2016. LTP Pusat Pelatihan Olahraga Ofroad Di Kota Semarang Penekanan Desain: Arsitektur Eco Tech. repository.unika.ac.id.

OLAHRAGA TEQBALL

 BUKU OLAHRAGA TEQBALL

Penulis: Dr. Arham Syahban, M.Pd.
ISBN: 978-623-08-1117-3
Tahun Terbit: 2024

Penerbit: Rajawali Pers PT Rajagrafindo Persada

Deskripsi: 

Teqball adalah olahraga baru yang berbasis sepak bola yang berasal dari Hungaria dan menggunakan meja melengkung unik. Federasi Internasional de Teqball (FITEQ) adalah organisasi internasional yang mengawasi olahraga teqball di seluruh dunia.  Lebih dari 100 negara memiliki sekitar 5000 atlet, 141 federasi nasional, lebih dari 2000 klub, dan lebih dari 2000 wasit dilatih oleh FITEQ. Teqball juga diakui oleh tiga asosiasi olimpiade kontinental (OCA, ANOCA, dan ONOC) dan merupakan anggota penuh Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF).

Buku ini memaparkan seputar olahraga teqball, diantaranya; pada BAB 1 Olahraga Teqball, BAB 2 Perlengkapan dan Dasar Bermain Teqball, BAB 3 Peraturan Resmi Olahraga Teqball dan BAB 4 Jurnal Olahraga Teqball. Buku ini dapat menjadi referensi buat pelatih, atlet, akademisi, praktisi dan seluruh insan olahraga dalam menambah khasanah keilmuan mengenai olahraga teqball. Harapannya, buku ini dapat membantu mensosialisasikan olahraga teqball di Indonesia agar dimasa depan Indonesia banyak menciptakan atlet teqball handal yang dapat berprestasi ditingkat nasional dan internasional.

Melalui buku ini, penulis berharap dapat menginspirasi, memberikan wawasan baru, dan mensosialisasikan mengenai olahraga teqball. Harapan untuk buku ini dapat menjadi gerbang pertama sebagai pedoman untuk memperkenalkan olahraga teqball kepada seluruh masyarakat di Indonesia

Sumber: 

Olahraga Teqball - Dr. Arham Syahban, M.Pd. - Rajagrafindo Persada

Plyometrics Soccer

SOCCER PLYOMETRICS 

📢 Sepak bola adalah jenis olahraga di mana atlet harus melakukan lebih dari 1.000 aktivitas dalam satu pertandingan, termasuk akselerasi, perlambatan, lompatan, perubahan arah, dan latihan yang berulang, intens, dan terputus-putus (intermitten) selama 90 menit pertandingan (Ferley, Scholten, and Vukovich 2020). Kekuatan adalah komponen fisik yang sangat penting bagi atlet sepak bola(Ramírez-Campillo 2015). Kekuatan ekstremitas bawah adalah komponen fisik penting bagi atlet sepak bola (İnce and Şentürk 2019). Sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Ramirez-Campillo et al. 2020) In competitive soccer leagues, positioning of the team is linked to lower-limb muscle power. Seorang pelatih fisik sepak bola sangat memperhatikan kekuatan otot tungkai (Rubley et al. 2011). Latihan pliometrik adalah latihan yang ideal untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot tungkai atlet sepak bola remaja (Negra et al. 2017).

         Latihan pliometrik tubuh bagian bawah adalah jenis latihan atletik yang sangat popular (Bedoya, Miltenberger, and Lopez 2015). Metode latihan ini melibatkan melompat dengan menggunakan berat badan sebagai beban dan menggunakan aksi cycle stretch-shortening (SSC) pada otot. Drill pliometrik lower body terdiri dari jumps in place, standing jumps, jumps with multiple hops and jumps, bounds, box drills, dan depth jumps (Bompa and Haff 2019). Latihan model pliometrik tubuh bagian bawah sangat direkomendasikan untuk remaja sepak bola karena sangat praktis, aman, dan efektif (Kobal 2017). Banyak penelitian ilmiah yang diterbitkan menunjukkan bahwa latihan pliometrik dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot tungkai (Kobal et al. 2017). Oleh karena itu, kekuatan sangat penting untuk sepak bola karena kekuatan otot tungkai sangat penting untuk melakukan lari dengan kecepatan tinggi dan menendang bola dengan passing (memberi umpan pada kawan) atau shooting (meloncat atau melompat dan menendang ke arah sasaran).

Saat ini belum banyak bahkan tidak ada pedoman untuk atlet dan pelatih tentang cara menerapkan latihan pliometrik dengan sistematis. Oleh karena itu, latihan pliometrik yang digunakan oleh pelatih dilakukan secara tidak konsisten dan tidak sesuai dengan prinsip Latihan. Latihan pliometrik untuk atlet sepak bola remaja menjadi tidak efektif, sulit, membosankan, dan rentan terhadap cedera, sehingga menghambat atlet untuk mencapai performa terbaiknya (Sole 2018). Hal tersebut menjadi dasar perhatian untuk para pelatih membuat program latihan pliometrik tubuh bagian bawah untuk atlet sepak bola usia remaja. Sejauh yang diketahui tidak banyak yang mengkaji latihan pliometrik tubuh bagian bawah secara khusus untuk atlet sepak bola usia remaja dalam membantu latihan kondisi fisik sepak bola.untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot tungkai bawah atlet sepak bola usia remaja. Latihan pliometrik tungkai bagian bawah sangat penting untuk membentuk seorang atlit sepak bola yang berkualitas tinggi yang dapat bermain di kompetisi internasional.

👉Berikut contoh Jenis latihan pliometrik tubuh bagian bawah sepak bola untuk remaja:

1.  Two-Foot Ankle Hop 
2. Single-Leg Ankle Hop 
3. Squat Jump 
4. Jump and Reach  
5. Double-Leg Tuck Jump 
6. Split Squat Jump 
7. Cycled Split Squat Jump 
8. Single-Leg Tuck Jump 
9. Pike Jump 
10. Double-Leg Vertical Jump 
11. Single-Leg Vertical Jump 
12. Jump Over Barrier 
13. Standing Long Jump 
14. Double-Leg Hop 
15. Double-Leg Zigzag Hop 
16. Single-Leg Hop 
17. Front Barrier Hop 
18. Lateral Barrier Hop 
19. 4-Hurdle Drill 
20. Skip

Sumber:

Bedoya, Abigail A., Matthew R. Miltenberger, and Rebecca M. Lopez. 2015. “Plyometric Training Effects On Athletic Performance In Youth Soccer Athletes: Asystematic Review.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29(8):2351–60.

Bompa, Tudor O., and G. Gregory Haff. 2019. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training, 6th Edition. Vol. 51. 5th ed. the United States of America: Human Kinetics.

Ferley, Derek D., Shane Scholten, and Matthew D. Vukovich. 2020. “Combined Sprint Interval, Plyometric, and Strength Training in Adolescent Soccer Players: Effects on Measures of Speed, Strength, Power, Change of Direction, and Anaerobic Capacity.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34(4):957–68. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003476.

İnce, İ., and A. Şentürk. 2019. “Effects of Plyometric and Pull Training on Performance and Selected Strength Characteristics of Junior Male Weightlifter.” Physical Education of Students 23(3):120–28. doi: 10.15561/20755279.2019.0303.

Kobal, R. 2017. “Effects of Unloaded vs. Loaded Plyometrics on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players.” Frontiers in Physiology 8. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00742.

Kobal, Ronaldo, Irineu Loturco, Renato Barroso, Saulo Gil, Roge Rio Cuniyochi, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Hamilton Roschel, and Valmor Tricoli. 2017. “Effects of Different Combinations of Strength, Power, and Plyometric Training on the Physical Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 31(6):1468–76. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001609.

Negra, Yassine, Helmi Chaabene, Senda Sammoud, Raja Bouguezzi, Bessem Mkaouer, Younés Hachana, and Urs Granacher. 2017. “Effects of Plyometric Training on Components of Physical Fitness in Prepuberal Male Soccer Athletes: The Role of Surface Instability.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 31(12):3295–3304. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002262.

Ramírez-Campillo, R. 2015. “The Effects of Interday Rest on Adaptation to 6 Weeks of Plyometric Training in Young Soccer Players.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29(4):972–79. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000283.

Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo, Cristian Alvarez, Paulo Gentil, Irineu Loturco, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, Mikel Izquierdo, Jason Moran, Fabio Y. Nakamura, Helmi Chaabene, and Urs Granacher. 2020. “Sequencing Effects of Plyometric Training Applied Before or After Regular Soccer Training on Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Players.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34(7):1959–66. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002525.

Rubley, Mack D., Amaris C. Haase, William R. Holcomb, Tedd J. Girouard, and Richard D. Tandy. 2011. “The Effect Of Plyometric Training On Power And Kicking Distance In Female Adolescent Soccer.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25(1):129–34.

Sole, Christopher J. 2018. “Plyometric Training.” Advanced Strength and Conditioning 274–90. doi: 10.4324/9781315542348-16.

Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja

 BUKU PLIOMETRIK SEPAK BOLA REMAJA

Judul: Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja

Pengarang: Arham Syahban

Penerbit: Bening Media Publishing, 2023

ISBN: 6238305118, 9786238305117

Deskripsi Buku: 

• Salah satu teknik kondisi fisik yang paling populer saat ini untuk latihan sepak bola adalah pliometrik. Ini sangat cocok untuk olahraga seperti sepak bola, yang membutuhkan kekuatan, kecepatan, dan ledakan. Banyak pelatih sepak bola menggunakan teknik ini dalam program latihan mereka. Ini karena sangat mudah diintegrasikan ke dalam Latihan sepak bola, tidak membutuhkan banyak waktu, peralatan, dan ruang. Buku "Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja" diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan tentang sepak bola dengan menawarkan referensi dan bantuan bagi pelatih, atlet, akademisi, praktisi, dan seluruh insan sepak bola.
• Buku berjudul Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja, didalamnya meninjau beberapa aspek mengenai pliometrik sepak bola, yaitu; pada BAB 1 Tinjauan Pliometrik, BAB 2 Sepak Bola Remaja, BAB 3 Kondisi Fisik Sepak Bola Remaja, BAB 4 Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja, dan BAB 5 Tes & Pengukuran Pliometrik Sepak Bola Remaja. 
• Harapannya, buku ini dapat membantu pembinaan sepak bola remaja di Indonesia agar dimasa depan Indonesia semakin banyak menciptakan atlet-atlet sepak bola yang handal, yang dapat berprestasi ditingkat nasional dan internasional.

EKSHIBISI PON XXI ACEH-SUMUT CABANG OLAHRAGA TEQBALL TAHUN 2024

EKSHIBISI PON XXI ACEH-SUMUT 

CABANG OLAHRAGA TEQBALL

Persatuan Olahraga Teqball Seluruh Indonesia (POTSI) telah berhasil melaksanakan Ekshibisi Olahraga Teqball di PON XXI ACEH-SUMUT Tahun 2024.

Perwakilan 10 Provinsi Ekhsibisi Olahraga Teqball PON XXI 2024

👉Eksebisi teqball resmi dibuka di PON XXI Aceh-Sumut 2024,  dengan  diikuti 10 kontingen :

1. Jawa Timur
2. Jawa Barat
3. DKI Jakarta
4. Sumatera Barat
5. Sumatera Utara
6. Kalimantan Tengah
7. Kalimantan Selatan
8. Nusa Tenggara Barat
9. Riau  
10. Papua

Referee Teqball PON XXI

👉Ekshibisi Teqball PON XXI Aceh-Sumut 2024 memainkan 5 kategori nomor yaitu;

1. Single Putra 
2. Single Putri 
3. Ganda Putra 
4. Ganda Putri
5. Ganda Campuran  

Ketum PP POTSI, Jovinus Carolus Legawa

👉Venue Ekshibisi Olahraga Teqball di Gelanggang Olah Raga (GOR) Futsal Dispora Sumatera Utara yang terletak di Jalan Pancing Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara.

Secretary General FITEQ, Mr. Laszlo Vajda

👉Ekshibisi Olahraga Teqball dimulai hari Sabtu, Tanggal 14 September sampai hari hari Senin, Tanggal 16 September

Team Referee Teqball PON XXI Aceh-Sumut 2024

👉Hasil Perolehan medali pada ekshibisi olahraga teqball PON XXI sebagai berikut:

1. DKI Jakarta merebut 2 emas dan 2 perak 
2. Sumatera Barat merebut 2 emas 
3. Riau merebut 1 emas dan 1 perak 
4. Jawa Timur merebut 1 perak dan 1 perunggu
5. Jawa Barat merebut 1 perak dan 1 perunggu 
6. Kalimantan Tengah merebut 2 perunggu, 
7. Nusa Tenggara Barat merebut 1 perunggu.

Referee From Thailand Mr. Sutham

Tim Teqball Kalimantan Selatan

Penghargaan Peserta Tim Teqball PON XXI Aceh-Sumut

Ketua Umum POTSI Kalimantan Selatan. Dr. Arham Syahban, M.Pd.

Atribute PON XXI Kontingen Dr. Arham Syahban, M.Pd.

Perwakilan KONI Kalimantan Selatan, Haris Makkie

DOKUMENTASI PON XXI TAHUN 2024

MEDAN, 14-16 SEPTEMBER 2024

ARCHERY

 ARCHERY

ARCHERY ACCORDING TO EXPERTS

• Archery is a static sport with a stable sequence of movements throughout the shot [1]. 
• The sport of archery is normally closed-skilled. It's a "closed skill" sport where players repeat an automated movement as precisely as they can [2]
• A good method, tactic, certain physical conditions, and psychological circumstances—such as motivation, confidence, anxiety control, self-control, tenacity to withstand pressure, and concentration—are necessary for having high accuracy [3]
• Each competitor in an archery match puts up their best effort to hit the target, which is symbolized by colors (yellow for points 10 and 9, red for points 8 and 7, and blue for points 6 and below, three times). As a result, the judge tallies the points each archer receives to determine the winner [4].
• Archery is a type of sport that focuses on precision because the main goal is to shoot a bow at the surface of the arrow, Victory in this sport is determined by calculating the score points correctly by using a bow and arrow to hit the target at a certain distance [5]
• The idea that an archery athlete's ability to shoot a target determines victory in competition is supported by other theories [6]. 
• The goal of the accuracy sport of archery is to hit the yellow area with the highest target with the bow in order to receive the best score possible. This takes attention, concentration, and poise [7] 
• The secret to success in the gross and fine motor sport of archery is the capacity to hit targets repeatedly with extreme accuracy and precision [8].

OVERVIEW OF ARCHERY

⏩The creation of the FITA Recurve round archery sport dates back a very long way. The goal of archery in Japan is spiritual training [9]. 😊People may only speculate that archery has been practiced by humans for thousands of years because it is yet unknown whence humans first learned to use it [10]. that shooting arrows along a specific trajectory and at a specific distance at a target is what distinguishes archery sports. 

⏩Archery is an Olympic sport where athletes have to aim their arrows at the target with great accuracy. In this process, static brush-control of the posture and upper extremities is required while resisting significant forces from the rope and bow. 😌Several aspects of movement related to accuracy were studied in previous shooting studies. These include wrist muscle activity patterns, releasing arrows from the heart cycle in the ST phase, duration of some key actions and phases, specific skills related to the specificity of target distance, and posture control [11]. People can exercise their strength, endurance, focus, hand-eye coordination, balance, hand and finger flexibility, patience, and confidence while studying the book on basic archery methods [12].

⏩The 2010 FITA Constitutional and rules are essentially referenced by the provisions and rules that apply to the FITA Recurve round [13]. 😍The international organization that oversees the sport of shooters used to be called FITA (Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc). Although FITA rebranded itself as the World Archery Federation in 2011, the abbreviation "FITA" is still frequently used to denote a shooting technique known as target shooters or field combat that entails firing at targets positioned at various distances and angles.

ARCHERY NUMBERS

The numbers he competed in include the following:

• There are four different ways to conduct FITA Recurve rounds: single, double, Olympic, and team versions.
• A single FITA Recurve round comprises of 36 arrows shot at the following sequential distances: 90 m, 70 m, 50 m, 30 m for men, and 70 m, 60 m, 50 m, 30 m for women.
• A double FITA Rescurve round, which consists of two 70-meter race sessions.
• The standard FITA target of 122 cm is used in the FITA Recurve round for long distances (90, 70, and 60 meters), and the standard FITA size of 80 cm is used for short distances (950 meters) under the following restrictions:
• 122 cm in diameter for the face size. 
• 80 cm in diameter for the face size.
• Center size of 80 cm [14]

Picture 1 Outdoor Target Face

Archery apparatus numerous pieces of equipment are mentioned in the book Basic Techniques of Archery sports, including:

1. Bow consisting of limbs and risers
2. Arrow consisting of arrow point, shaft, feather/fletching and nock.
3. Arm guard.
4. Finger tab
5. Fiser/sighter/bow sight.
6. Stabilator
7. Side quiver
8. Binoculars

For beginner archers, the tools that must be owned at least are [15]:

1. Bow
2. Arrow
3. Arm guard
4. Towing hand guard
5. Aiming tool.

ARCHERY TECHNIQUES

👀Archery is influenced by several factors in the form of physical, technical, and mental [16]. The sense of movement (feeling/sense of kinesthetics), arm strength (endurance strength), pull length, focus, and emotional equilibrium are some of these crucial components.

👀The activity of shooting this sport has been broken down into multiple steps by different specialists, which are posture, arming, and sighting [17]. However, other literacy breaks it down into six distinct phases: aim, release, follow through, full draw, drawing, and bow hold. 

👀As was already mentioned, achieving excellent archery successes is considerably aided by learning the proper and appropriate approaches. By abiding by the relevant rules of motion mechanics, the meaning is an archery attitude (shooting form) that is examined from the mechanics of motion. In Ukraine, archery is being studied when it's hot and muggy outside [18]. 

👀Good movement control is necessary for archery, and postural stability is thought to be a key component of excellent performance [19]. The study discovered that the most active muscles, the legs' ability to balance their weight, the angle of the tensile line, and the shot concentration's release time all had an impact on the outcomes [16].

👀The proper and accurate archery technique will enable consistent motions, and if practiced consistently, will result in excellent accomplishments. This was also stated by Mc Kinney as follows:

” In archery everything is so simple. There is no complicated motion's is not very difficult for you to act te same all the time. You will be able to shoot 1440 if you repeat 144 times, this same motion exactly” [20]

👀The focus of archery is on hitting the target with accuracy. The term precise, which meaning to be precisely on target or aim, is the root of the word precision. The target face for the FITA Recurve round archery is 122 cm in diameter. a precise and proper method of archery that is intimately linked to movement mechanics and anatomy [22]. There are two axes of motion, specifically in relation to the mechanics of motion involved in archery. The explanation of the axis of motion in archery techniques is as follows:

• Axis I is the shoulder stance and the bow arm posture (bow hand) in a straight line, see the picture below: 

Figure 2. Axis I with Straight Body Axis at Pre-draw

• Axis II is the position of the arrow and the draw hand in a straight line, see the image below:

Figure 3. Axis II at Full Pull Seen from Above

👀Technical repetition in archery will result in Archery techniques can be broadly categorized into 12 steps, which are as follows:

1. Stance
2. Nocking 
3. Hooking and Gripping 
4. Mindset 
5. Set-up 
6. Drawing
7. Anchoring 
8. Loading/transfer to holding 
9. Aiming & Expansion 
10. Release 
11. Follow-through 
12. Feedback  

👀The twelve sequences of techniques above can be summed up in 3 stages of sequence, namely:

1. Phase I consists of  dari stence, nocking, hooking and gripping prepare the pulling finger and grip position, and (mindset) concentration towards the target.
2. Phase II consists of (set-up) full pull, (drawing) full pull, (anchoring) anchoring the pulling arm, (Loading/transfer to holding) transfer of pulling force.
3. Phase III consists of Aiming & Expansion, Release, Follow-through, Feedback
4. Further explanation of archery techniques is in the following section:

• Attitude / way of standing (Stand)

The ideal posture/standing position in this case is an open position, or "open stand," where the left leg is positioned 30 to 40 degrees apart and the weight is distributed 40 to 30 percent on the front foot and 60 to 70 percent on the heel. Some factors to take into account are:

1. Shoulder-width gap between the legs 
2. Both knees need to loosen up 

For more details, pay attention to the following image:

Figure 2. 8 Standing Positions (Square and Open Stance)

• Nocking (attaching arrows) 

The act of nocking involves putting the arrow's axle (shalf) on the arrow (arrow rest) and inserting the arrow's tail into the arrow's location (nocking point) on the rope. Considerations to make are:

1. Index feathers away from the side of the arc window
2. The arrow's tail was completely on the rope. It should be noted that the nock point really fits the nock. Nock points that are too large or loose will resulting in the disruption of the flight of the arrows.

 

Figure 2. 9 Attaching the Arrow to the String

• Hooking

In archery, "hooking" refers to the way the archer holds and positions their fingers on the bowstring. Proper hook technique is essential for accuracy, consistency, and safety. There are two main methods of hooking bowstrings: the "three fingers below" hook and the "split finger" hook.

Figure 2. 10 Hooking the String

• Mindset

An archer's looks are mostly determined by their mental, technical, and physical state as well as their optimistic outlook. Additionally, psychological competencies matter [23]. An archer must be comfortable and focused on their intended objective during training, and we must practice the element of concentration as much as possible. The distinction between the inexperienced autonomic nervous system and experience has been studied [24].

• Set-up 

Lifting the bow arm to shoulder level and preparing the pulling hand to pull the bowstring is known as a set-up. Some factors to take into account are:

1. The bow arm should be relaxed while the elbow of the eye-level pull arm should be ready to pull 
2. The rope was already in a state of slight pulling
3. The rope is pulled by three fingers: the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger). The index finger above the tail of the arrow and the middle finger and ring finger under the tail of the arrow
4. The rope is placed on the first knuckle
5. The pressure of the bow against the palm of the bow holding hand in the middle of the Y point, which is formed by the thumb and index finger

• Bow Archery

Figure 2. 12 Set up (pre-pull bow position)

• Drawing 

Drawing or pulling is the movement of pulling the bow string (string) in the pre-daw position (pre-pulling) then continuing to pull the bow string (string) until it touches the nose, chin, and lips. After the bow rope has been fully pulled then continue by anchoring the rope pulling hand under the chin. Some things that need to be considered are:

1. The rope must be pulled on the track straight to the chin, the position of the head must not change (still). Rope approaching the chin or head, the head vibrating forward should not approach the rope.
2. The pulling movement consists of the pre-draw phase, the primary draw and the secondary draw.
3. Use the muscles behind the shoulder to pull the bowstrings of these muscles are: M. Deltoideus posterior, M. Teres major, M. Rhomboideus Major and M. Trapezius.

Figure 2.13 Drawing (drawing the bowstring)

• Anchoring 

Anchoring is the movement of anchoring the pulling hand on the chin. Some things to note:

1. The anchoring place of the rope pulling hand must remain the same and firmly attached under the chin
2. The anchor of the rope must be hand allows the shadow of the rope to be seen on the bow (string alignment)
3. This anchoring must be such that axis II can be achieved
4. Types of anchoring include:

• Anchoring in the middle. In this type of anchoring, the rope touches the middle of the chin, lips and nose and the pulling hand pulls the motel under the chin.
• Anchoring on the side/side.in this type, the rope touches the sides of the chin, lips, and nose, and the pulling hand attaches under the chin.

• Transfer/Loading to holding

Transfer/Loading is a state of holding archery. Some moments after anchoring and before the arrows are released. At this time, the muscles of the buttress arm and the rope pulling arm must contract so that the archery attitude does not change and at the same time the archer makes a shot at the target.

Figure 2.14 Transfer/Loading to holding

• Breathing 

The archer must inhale before lifting and then pulling the bow, then when it comes to the transfer/loading procedure, the archer must release the air carefully to return the inner lungs to their pre-inhalation position.

• Aiming and expansion 

Aiming is the movement of directing or placing the point of the aiming device (fisir) on the target/target point. When shooting, there are several things that need to be considered, namely:

1. Archery attitude must be observed (see transfer/loading)
2. String alignment should be fixed (shadow of the string on the bow)
3. Don't aim for too long, in the observation results of each world and national championship, the average champion only needs 3-4 seconds from anchoring to releasing the arrow.

• Release

Release is the movement of squeezing the bow rope by relaxing the fingers pulling the rope. After the bow string is released, the arrow will be thrown forward.  A good release will lead to a smooth arrow flight. When realese clicker affects arrows [26]

Figure 2.16 Release (release arrows)

• Follow-through 

Follow-through is a follow-up motion after the release process occurs. This is important considering that the pulling arm must move in the opposite direction to the flight of the arrow during the release process.

Figure 2.17 Follow-through 

• Relaxation and feedback 

A control that is required soon after the release and follow-through process is relaxation and good bait. This is helpful for verifying whether or not errors have been made in the moves that have been made. In order to prevent the arrow from deviating in the direction of the target, the archer must recognize when a mistake has been made and refrain from making the same one again.

Figure 2.18 Relaxation and feedback 

 

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